Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 4

Money - Essay Example ralian dollar, just as the financing costs as clear in the circumstance of the lodging market, and the joblessness circumstance in the mining business. Ultimately, this paper takes a gander at the current endeavors to direct the money related markets. The wellsprings of information incorporate article from online forms of significant papers, for example, the Australian, just as articles from worldwide monetary organizations, for example, the World Bank and Overseas Development Institute. Other genuine sources, for example, the site of the Australian government have been used. The greater part of the sources incorporate scholarly diaries, for example, Financial Management, McKinsey Quarterly, Cambridge Journal of Economics, and so on., that tackle the issue of worldwide budgetary emergency, from databases, for example, Business Source Premier, Oxford Journals and ABI Inform. The imperceptible hand perspective on the economy, as investigated in the book â€Å"Economics† by Samuelson and Nordhaus, will neglect to exist under two conditions: when there is defective rivalry and flawed data, and when there are showcase externalities. The disappointment in major monetary markets exists on account of both of these conditions. Preceding the monetary emergency, the money related markets, for example, stocks, securities and shared subsidizes markets are viewed as business sectors where the undetectable hand works. The financial exchange has consistently been alluded to as a proficient market by business analysts. As per Brealey, Myers and Marcus, â€Å"the rivalry [in this market] to discover misvalued stocks is exceptional. So when new data comes out, speculators race to exploit it and in this way wipe out any benefit openings (2004, 165).† An effective market, as indicated by Samuelson and Nordhaus in their book â€Å"Economics† is characterized as â€Å"one where all new data is immediately comprehended by showcase members and turns out to be promptly fused into the market costs (2004, 534).† This quality of the securities exchange as a productive market is ascribed to the accessibility of

Identification of Gram negative bacteria using biochemical tests, including API The WritePass Journal

Recognizable proof of Gram negative microorganisms utilizing biochemical tests, including API Dynamic Recognizable proof of Gram negative microscopic organisms utilizing biochemical tests, including API AbstractIntroductionMethodConclusionReferencesRelated Dynamic Four unadulterated, unidentified societies of (gram positive cocci) microorganisms, named A-D were refined on different agar media. Additionally an API test was reenacted to distinguish another unidentified bacterium. Recognizable proof of microorganisms is significant while picking a successful treatment for a microbial-causing sickness. This investigation concentrated on the social and biochemical qualities of microscopic organisms in help of recognizable proof. Under aseptic conditions, every one of the four unidentified bacterium were refined utilizing the bile aesculin, manitol salt and the blood agar plates gave. These were then hatched for longer than a week and afterward watched. A catalase and Voges-proskauer were additionally done to confirm the personality of the 4 strains of microorganisms. Microscopic organisms that delivered air rises in the catalase test (as oxygen is one of the items framed, within the sight of the chemical catalase) and a red shading change for the V oges-proskauer (microorganisms can create a compound called acetylmethylcarbinol), both demonstrative of a positive outcome. For straightforwardness, the end societies were contrasted and a table of results gave in the examination to affirm the personality of Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes microorganisms. The primary culture handily recognized as Streptococcus pyogenes  produced a noticeable ÃŽ ²-haemolysis on blood agar; with an undeniable clear zone around the settlements and was additionally incapable to develop on manitol salt agar. Different strains were then decided from the different biochemical tests, as all bacterium have specific attributes that recognize them from other genera. The bacterium utilized in the API was recognized as Staphlyococcus. aureus, by utilization of an ID table, gave by the producer of the API. Anyway in an ordinary setting different tests would need to be led to finish up the sort and typ es of the microbes. Presentation Gram positive and gram negative microscopic organisms have an inflexible cell divider called peptidoglycan and this can be utilized to recognize the two gatherings. Gram positive microorganisms have a thick external layer of peptidoglycan. They likewise have the lipopolysaccharide layer missing. (Madigan et al., 2009) Gram positive microscopic organisms typically seem purple and gram negative microorganisms can be red to pink in shading with the utilization of gram recoloring. (Madigan et al., 2009) When set up the way that the bacterium have a place with gram positive gathering, the Dichotomous Key of Gram Positive microscopic organisms can be utilized to separate microbes by utilization of different biochemical tests. (Willey et al. 2008) The seclusion and distinguishing proof of microorganisms is a fundamental demonstrative instrument in microbiology, particularly researching pathogenic microscopic organisms that cause irresistible ailments. The clinician and microbiologist cooperate in this recognizable proof procedure. (Willey et al. 2008) Samples from the associated tainted territory with a patient can be removed and developed aseptically on agar medium to dodge defilement; these blended societies are then isolated to create single provinces of a class bacterium. The state of the microorganisms can be dictated by microscopy (utilizing gram recoloring or other recoloring procedures for corrosive quick microbes), and refined of the microbes on different media †specific, differential and certain trademark (metabolic) media. (Willey et al. 2008) Selective media just permit certain microscopic organisms to develop, while differential media are utilized to recognize microorganisms from others, within the sight of s ome type of color or pointer. (Madigan et al., 2009)â It is additionally critical to take note of the conditions microscopic organisms can develop in, as some may endure the nearness of oxygen (aerobes) while others won't (anaerobes). The nearness of explicit compounds empowers vigorous microscopic organisms to develop, while anaerobic microorganisms can't. (Madigan et al., 2009)â Voges-Proskauer tests recognize microbes that can create aging, particularly when they can't breathe vigorously. (Willey et al. 2008) At the point when microscopy and refined strategies alone are not sufficient enough to recognize an animal groups, explicit biochemical tests are done. These tests are utilized to take out the quantity of potential pathogens causing the sickness being referred to; by contrasting the unidentified pathogen and the realized metabolic attributes put away on PC databases. (Madigan et al., 2009) These may incorporate testing for items the bacterium may create (because of a nearness of explicit protein/s) or even their capacity to develop on either specific or differential media or a mix of the two. Anyway some require further insightful tests to distinguish the microorganisms. (Madigan et al., 2009)â â A model is the coagulase test, which separates S.aureus from S.epidermidis, coagulase can clump plasma. (Willey et al. 2008)  Once the microscopic organisms have been distinguished, anti-toxin affectability tests (defenselessness tests) might be acted so as to figure out which anti-infe ction/s would be best in treating the sickness identified with the microorganism. (Willey et al. 2008) The capacity of microorganisms to deliver catalase is a significant biochemical trademark, oxygen consuming microbes can emit explicit compounds this trademark can be controlled in distinguishing proof. (Madigan et al., 2009)â Aerobic microscopic organisms can kill hydrogen peroxide (that would some way or another be harmful to it) by changing over it to water and oxygen. Air pocket arrangement would demonstrate a positive consequence of this response occurring. (Greenwood et al., 2007) This test assists with recognizing streptococcus from staphylococcus. (Willey et al. 2008) Further increasingly a few microbes may have the capacity of emitting different proteins like superoxide dismutase and peroxidise. This relies upon the development conditions the microorganisms require, to kill free (unpaired) oxygen radicals that would somehow wreck the ordinary working of bacterial cells. These radicals are the aftereffect of oxygen being decreased in the electron transport chain.â (Willey et al., 2008) Marker mode of blood agar (normally containing horse blood) is utilized for the haemolysis test to show if the bacterium delivers a particular poison (haemolysin) this is a typical destructiveness factor that pathogenic microscopic organisms have. A positive outcome shows the bacterium has this poison. (Willey et al. 2008)â The poison can lyse erythrocytes by framing pores in the cell surface, discharging its substance †hemoglobin and different particles. (Willey et al., 2008) This can be seen on blood-agar as a reasonable radiance with no particular shading around the states, called ÃŽ ²-haemolysis. Fractional (ÃŽ ±) haemolysis leaves a slight green discolouration, as hydrogen peroxide oxidizes hemoglobin to methaemoglobin. (Greenwood et al., 2007) Bile aesculin agar is specific and differential, dark arrangement on the way of life plate would demonstrate the capacity of the bacterium to hydrolyse aesculin and blend in with ferric citrate. (Mahon and Manuselis, 2000) The manitol salt agar is a case of particular media that just permits development of explicit microbes to develop, consequently it tends to be utilized in biochemical tests. This is because of the high convergence of salt inside this medium, which restrains most microbes from developing. (Mahon and Manuselis, 2000) Fast recognizable proof of a microorganism can be controlled by the utilization of an API (Analytical Profile Index) or manual ‘kit’ (Willey et al. 2008)â â that contains 20 microtubules with got dried out substrates, once immunized with microbes and left to hatch; the different wells produce shading changes when reagents are included. These shading changes are identified with the metabolic qualities of explicit microscopic organisms that can be coordinated to a recognizable proof table. The utilization of current innovation empowers one to examine the genomic and antigenic structure of microorganisms and is in this manner helpful in recognizable proof. The utilization of PCR and electrophoresis can be utilized in Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and genomic fingerprinting. (Willey et al. 2008)â â Also the different surface proteins particularly antigens can be distinguished for its communication with specific antibodies by immunofluorescence or agglutination strategy. This strategy may yield quick outcomes and streptococci related with sore throats can be distinguished thusly; anyway these tests are not as precise as the refined strategies. (Champoux et al., 2004) New and increasingly precise advancements are being concentrated, for example, the utilization of Biosensors. (Willey et al., 2008) Staphylococci have a round shape (from the Greek word ‘kokkos’ meaning a berry.) these microbes structure groups like grapes (got from the Greek word ‘staphule’) Staphylococci additionally have a sludge layer, and are principally found on the outside of skin.(Heritage et al., 1999) These aerotolerant anaerobe can develop in either vigorous or anaerobic conditions. In spite of the fact that Staphylococcus aureus is innocuous living on the outside of the skin, it can cause genuine ailment like septicaemia when it enters open injuries. (Mandal et al., 1996) This bacterium can likewise turn into an artful pathogen, liable for scourges like MRSA because of obstruction of the anti-infection methicillin and developing protection from vancomycin. (Willey et al., 2008) A brisk biochemical test called Staphaurex can likewise be utilized. (Willey et al., 2008) Streptococci are facultative anaerobes and don't frame any gas items, as they produce lactic corrosive maturation and will in this manner catalase negative. (Willey et al., 2008)â The streptococcus genera spread a broad gathering of microscopic organisms †the cocci that are round fit as a fiddle and along these lines set into 3 gatherings: pyogenic, oral and other (colon) str

On Friendship

On Friendship In an Uber ride during my freshman year, one of my friends turned to me and asked if I was okay.   “You’re always so bubbly but you’re quiet now” If you had said that statement to any of my classmates from high school, they would not match it to me. For the most part, I didn’t really talk to anyone outside of the people I knew from different extracurriculars or the people who sat next to me in class. I was the proud introvert with a Pinterest board dedicated to being an INTJ.01 One of 16 Myersâ€"Briggs personality types. It stands for introversion, intuition, thinking, judgment. .   So, imagine my shock when everyone else in the car disagreed with my claims of being an introvert. In hindsight, I see their point; I spent a lot of energy trying to maintain this new image for reasons I struggle to justify now.   Was it because I felt the need to redefine myself? I don’t know where I had read this, but someone claimed that most CEOs and/or successful people are extroverts. So, naturally, I thought that I ~had~ to be an extrovert in order to be successful in life.02 False thinking Moreover, In high school, I felt a (self-inflicted) pressure to be introverted in order to satisfy my identity as a shy-smart-nerdy-pants-girl. I truly don’t know why. Maybe it stems from insecurity in my intelligence and capabilities, so I felt the need to subscribe to a stereotype. But here at MIT, everyone is a nErD!!1!!1! Being smart was no longer a distinguishing identity but a common one, so the pressure to uphold some stereotype was lifted.                 Was it in search of a community? Maybe, though it shames me to admit thisa desire for validation however innate it may be. I don’t know where or when the idea of life-long friends was planted in my head, but its roots stretched deep. Unfortunately, something would get in the way of fostering those relationships, some my fault and others beyond my control. Whether it be changing schools or time zones or getting into some petty middle-school argument. 03 I remember getting into this huge mess about either pimples or test grades?? I dont remember lol which makes me angry because adults will be like yOu wOnT cArE aBoUt tHis iN a fEw yEaRs... and theyre right -_- And Im sure a lot could be said about my experiences now and how I wont place so much meaning on them in a few years. But those experiences are valid regardless since theyre shaping me. And statements like the ones above invalidate those moments. I mean, the solution is to not care about what others think, especially elders as I have been taught to value the wisdom of elders and accept their words as facts but this is a rant for another day When I first moved to America, I made all efforts to stay in touch with my best friend Rebecca. We wrote essays back and forth, hers about the latest happenings at school and mine about the novelty of the US, and video chatted every other week. But, as the years went on, the frequency of our contact started to decrease from weekly to monthly to every other month to once a year to nothing. When I switched high schools in my junior year, my best friend and I went from daily interactions to monthly contacts though I had moved less than five miles away.   My mom always insisted that family is the only constant in life, and I didn’t like that statement because it felt too deterministic. What if I didn’t have a good family? Am I to just love them despite their wrongdoings? Excuse their transgressions for the sake of blood? Meh, doesn’t sit right with me.04 As a side note, this is an example of my struggle with balancing having different values than my parents/relatives with filial piety and obedience. but this is another blog post for another day And it didn’t help that I had a track record of all these friendships that would end or fade out for different reasons. Friends can be the family that I get to choose. My relatives are spread out across the world and the love only seems to be growing, why couldn’t that be the case for friends?   All of this plays into my friendship experience at MIT as follows~ I saw MIT as my chance to finally have four years in one place to find my besties for life. I did Interphase, an eight-week pre-college program, and I spent most of my time with a group of people. However, I felt more like an addition than part of the group, and though I wanted to find more friends, I didn’t want to ‘waste’ the time I had already put into building those relationships. I got over this phase by entering my excessive cheerful energy phase.   During this phase, I attempted to cover feelings of loneliness and alienation by acting spirited all the time, which in retrospect was incredibly draining and detrimental. It felt as though I knew a lot of people on a superficial 05 ...which is normal bc the school year had just begun bfacepalm/b level while a lot of people seemed to have established pairs or groups with stronger bonds.   After some time, I got really close to one person and had an established friend group, and my dream was realized. The End :)   Yeah no. So, to keep it brief, some combination of academic, religious, financial, and familial stressors hit me, my close friends, and probably all freshmen in general. Dealing with those can change and shape you, and as I was going through struggles, I started to grow distant to many of those people. This is where I entered my low energy phase.     Initially, I was heartbroken. The ideal that I had poured my heart into had collapsed, and I didn’t have the energy to salvage it. So, that distance grew and grew as we all started to change into different people with different values, and by the summer I just accepted it. So, now I think I’m in a relatively stable phase with a reasonable amount of energy where I can reflect on my stance on friendships.     One thing I have dropped is the extra bubbly energy from the last year because it was not sustainable. But this difference in my behavior makes it seem as though I dislike people (not the case). I also realized I struggle with maintaining casual or surface-level friends. I took a perfectionism workshop last spring that exposed all of my subtle and terrible mental frameworks, a very common one being an all-or-nothing mindset.06 basically means what it says. thinking in extremes, black or white, either-or Generally, when it comes to friendships, I can maintain the ones with deeper roots and the ones with a specific purpose, which mostly boils down to p-set buddies. But when it comes to people that I am vaguely familiar with? s t r e s s. I don’t know where to place them in my existing categories, so I end up treating them like strangers.     Another epiphany that I am slowly digesting is that friendships don’t have to be long-lasting in order to be meaningful.07 Do you see traces of an all-or-nothing mindset too? I mean, I dont blame myself, all-or-nothing is a pretty clear standard that removes the stress of trying to figure out a standard. But ~apparently~ life is a freaking grey mess :( and you need to set a lot of standards and find your balance multiple times. ew adulthood . Removing that pressure is so relieving and allows me to enjoy my friends for as long as they are in my life without any expectations.         I’m writing this because I have confided this to several people, and they have shared similar sentiments.   I’m also presenting this post as an example of what changing and growing could look like. I never thought I would be thinking about all of this since in high school I found my community pretty easily my main concern was my education and getting into a prestigious college,08 /spanDont make this your sole focus, leads to empty and confusing times I promise and the group of people who shared those values were either in the same classes or extracurriculars. But of course, this became the standard once I came here.   For a long time, I blamed MIT for causing all my struggles, but in reality, I was going to struggle where ever I went. And in the end, I’m grateful that I’m learning about myself and my values here, surrounded by beautiful souls and amazing resources that encourage me to flourish. One of 16 Myersâ€"Briggs personality types. It stands for introversion, intuition, thinking, judgment. back to text ? False thinking back to text ? I remember getting into this huge mess about either pimples or test grades?? I don't remember lol which makes me angry because adults will be like yOu wOn'T cArE aBoUt tHis iN a fEw yEaRs... and they're right -_- And I'm sure a lot could be said about my experiences now and how I won't place so much meaning on them in a few years. But those experiences are valid regardless since they're shaping me. And statements like the ones above invalidate those moments. I mean, the solution is to not care about what others think, especially elders as I have been taught to value the wisdom of elders and accept their words as facts but this is a rant for another day back to text ? As a side note, this is an example of my struggle with balancing having different values than my parents/relatives with filial piety and obedience. but this is another blog post for another day back to text ? ...which is normal bc the school year had just begun  facepalm back to text ? basically means what it says. thinking in extremes, black or white, either-or back to text ? Do you see traces of an all-or-nothing mindset too? I mean, I don't blame myself, all-or-nothing is a pretty clear standard that removes the stress of trying to figure out a standard. But ~apparently~ life is a freaking grey mess :( and you need to set a lot of standards and find your balance multiple times. ew adulthood back to text ? Don't make this your sole focus, leads to empty and confusing times I promise back to text ?

The Awakening Critical Analysis - 1596 Words

The Awakening by Kate Chopin Critical Analysis The novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin, was written during the late 19th century, when the feminist movement was in its infancy. During that era, the novel was yet to be discovered and the few considered it as a disgrace. Many thought that it portrayed a negative example of how a women should think and behave. Women during that era expected the book to be more â€Å"sophisticated† and â€Å"ladylike,† but Chopin had a different view of how women should be portrayed. Today, this novel is a famous classic, read in many schools, and praised by many feminist. Readers can easily surmise the story’s theme: finding one’s identity is not easy. The characters and the setting in this novel contribute to†¦show more content†¦In order for her to do this, she is inspired and influenced by two main characters who help shape the â€Å"Inner Edna.† Two characters that play a significant role in Edna’s life have a positive and a slightly negative effect in her awakening. The first character that has a positive and slightly negative effect in Edna’s life is Adele Ratignolle. Adele was a Creole woman who cared for her three children, loved her husband, was beautiful, followed society’s norms, and was respected in her society. Adele positively influenced Edna’s life when she acted as a â€Å"mother† towards Edna, by often worrying about her and giving her advice. However, Adele was a negative influence in Edna’s awakening because she tried stopping the â€Å"Inner Edna† from coming out. In the novel, Adele advises her to â€Å"think of the children (Chopin 170). She urges Edna to consider the power of motherhood as a special virtue. Adele knew that Edna wanted to be free and liberated from following society’s norms and knew that Edna wanted to be completely independent. T his meant that if she chose to let the â€Å"Inner Edna† come out she would leave behind her husband and two children, because either way Edna never saw herself as a â€Å"mother-women† anyway. In the novel Edna says, â€Å"I would give my money, I would give my life for my children, but I wouldn’t give myself† (Chopin 53). The second character who positively influencedShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of The Awakening1412 Words   |  6 Pagesand desires, reaching untamed worlds. Turning imagination into realism is denounced as an impossible being, but it s in fact the awakening to our lucid dreaming. Edna Pontellier is a woman with a heart that soared beyond the horizons into a limitless world, forced into cage by the inevitable way of life. Kate Chopin through the beautifully sculpted novel â€Å"The Awakening† condemned Edna with a mindset beyond her years, finding meaning through her unsocial actions shunned by the eyes of others. EdnaRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Awakening1899 Words   |  8 PagesThe Awakening LAP #3 Prompt #3 Ivan Jimenez Period 3 AP Literature and Composition 10/27/17 Just like a coin that is divided into heads and tails humanity is divided into male and female. Both are human just the same but equality is a matter that women have never completely attained. As for almost all of human history women were oppressed by men. Living under patriarchal societies women were forced to conform with their roles as housewives. They were told to keep quiet and were never allowed toRead More Critical Analysis of The Awakening Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Analysis of The Awakening The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, is the story of a woman who is seeking freedom. Edna Pontellier feels confined in her role as mother and wife and finds freedom in her romantic interest, Robert Lebrun. Although she views Robert as her liberator, he is the ultimate cause of her demise. Edna sees Robert as an image of freedom, which brings her to rebel against her role in society. This pursuit of freedom, however, causes her death. Chopin uses manyRead MoreCritical Analysis: Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay1800 Words   |  8 PagesIn the novel The Awakening, Kate Chopin (2005) uses deep symbolism to show how the main character, Edna Pontellier, discovers her own independence in the society in which she lived. Edna was a traditional mother and wife seeking freedom and independence throughout her adult life. Chopin portrays Edna as being a rebel against her own life. The story takes place in the 1960s when women were to follow certain rules made by the society they lived in . Chopin also foreshadows the things that occur in Edna’sRead More Essay on The Awakening712 Words   |  3 PagesCritical Views of The Awakening      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Awakening, written by Kate Chopin, is full of ideas and understanding about human nature. In Chopins time, writing a story with such great attention to sensual details in both men and women caused skepticism among readers and critics. However, many critics have different views with deeper thought given to The Awakening. Symbolism, the interpretation of Ednas suicide, and awakenings play important roles in the analysis of all critics.    SymbolismRead MoreWolffs Analysis of Chopins The Awakening647 Words   |  3 PagesWolff’s Analysis of Chopin’s The Awakening In her essay Un-Utterable Longing: The Discourse of Feminine Sexuality in Kate Chopins The Awakening, Cynthia Griffin Wolff creates what Ross Murfin describes as a critical whole that is greater than the sum of its parts. (376) By employing a variety of critical approaches (including feminist, gender, cultural, new historicism, psychoanalytic and deconstruction) Wolff offers the reader a more complete (albeit complex) explanation of Edna PontelliersRead More A Deconstructionist Critique of Chopin’s The Awakening Essay536 Words   |  3 PagesA Deconstructionist Critique of Chopin’s The Awakening The multiplicity of meanings and (re)interpretations informing critical studies of The Awakening reveal a novel ripe for deconstructionist critique. Just as Chopin evokes an image of the sea as symbolic of Edna’s shifting consciousness (â€Å"never ceasing, whispering, clamoring, murmuring, inviting the soul to wander in abysses of solitude,†138), likewise the deconstructionist reading of a text emphasizes fluidity over structure: â€Å"A text consistsRead MoreSt. Louis And New Orleans1606 Words   |  7 PagesLouisiana, Chopin was still far from having established herself as a writer whose work was commercially profitable. Under the advice of editors that a longer work would have a broader appeal, she turned again to the novel form, publishing The Awakening in 1899. The Awakening, however, received uniformly unfavorable reviews, and in some cities it was banned from library shelves. In St. Louis, Chopin was dropped by friends and refused membership in a local fine-ar ts club. Chopin had never expected such a stormRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne And The Awakening1416 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscriminated against, but the people close to them as well. This is demonstrated through the novels The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne and The Awakening by Kate Chopin. The Scarlet Letter follows the story of a woman named Hester Prynne who is forced to wear a scarlet letter â€Å"A† on her chest as punishment for her crime of adultery. The Awakening follows the story of a woman named Edna Pontellier and the struggle that she faces when she has an affair and separates from her husband and her familyRead MoreEdna Pontellier and Elizabeth Bennet: Challenge of 19th Century Conventional Methods1344 Words   |  6 Pagesnineteenth century. Both women often challenged conventional societal methods within their works, which inherently caused these literary geniuses to write in complete secrecy. Chopin and Austen gave birth to characte rs such as Edna Pontellier in The Awakening, and Elizabeth Bennett, the renowned protagonist of Austen’s novella Pride and Prejudice. While noble in their respective ways one can easily mistake Edna and Elizabeth to be selfish creatures of society because of their ardent pursuit of happiness

It Should Not Be Compulsory For Everyone At Attend University

It should not be compulsory for everyone to attend University. For some of us, acquiring a university level education is the key to pursuing a successful career, whilst for others, it serves no useful purposes towards life whatsoever. It goes without saying: we all come from different walks of life, and in many circumstances, university education isn’t a necessity for living a pleasurable and prosperous life. So with this being said, shouldn’t we have the right to decide whether or not we want to further our education and attend university? The idea of making university compulsory is completely and utterly preposterous, for if this was to be the case, we may as well just offer the occupation of a brain surgeon to a random drunk off the street. University should continue to be a selective institution and not an obligatory one, so that the Australian economy and workforce can continue to be as robust as what it is today. Searching for an excuse to avoid attending university? Look no further than the fact that the institution leaves your pockets as empty as drums, so much so, that you would be lucky to find a single cent lingering inside after your course. But wait, if university was to be made compulsory, how on earth would our nation be able to afford sending each and every individual to university? Just think about all the meagre, impoverished families that are scattered throughout our communities. These deprived families can barely even afford to purchase sufficientShow MoreRelatedThe Education Of The United Nations971 Words   |  4 Pageseducation in ascending order are as follows such as preschool, primary school, secondary school and then college, university or apprenticeship. Education system may refer to the way education is structured in a county in relation to syllabus, stages, and subjects among other aspects. Most governments recognise a right to education. The United Nations recognizes the right of everyone to education in Article 13. All the member states are bounded by the section of this article. In some places educationRead MoreChina’s Education System1434 Words   |  6 Pageshas become very apparent. Chinese children aged 6 through 15 are required to attend school. China’s education proves to be the strongest system in the world, not only in modern day, but also in the past. The education system of China unmistakably varies in comparison with the United States. Within most countries, students strive to become doctors, engineers, lawyers, etc. Education in China requires students to attend school for 9 years without any objection. In the United States, Americans areRead MoreAmerica’s Education System has drastically changed from the 17th century up until now, many events800 Words   |  4 Pageshome and learned homemaking skills, they were allowed to attend the Dame schools but the curriculum was much different. By 1635, the first Latin grammar school was established in Boston for boys, this school was considered the forerunner of modern high schools and it specifically prepared boys to attend Harvard University built in 1636. The Massachusetts Act of 1642 was the first compulsory education law that required all white children to attend school but did not specify how or where children wouldRead MoreModernization Of The One Generation Will Be The Philosophies Of Government2972 Words   |  12 Pagesgraduate high school and women were not expected to go to college. In the 19th century, our school system expanded, because of state laws, to include a compulsory education for everyone, regardless of their race or gender. Massachusetts became the first US state to pass a compulsory education law in 1852. Mississippi was the last state in 1917 (Compulsory Education). The law required every city to offer primary school for children starting at the age of 6. They mostly focused on grammar and basic math;Read MoreReforms of the German Education System Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pagesthat more or less corresponds to A levels, allows them to go to university. The average pupils attend the so-called ‘Realschule, and the weak ones go to the ‘Hauptschule for five respectively six years. Afterwards they can do an apprenticeship or, if they want to study, go to grammar school for another three years. Those pupils, who have real problems with reading, mathematics, articulating or who have conspicuous behaviour attend another separate school: the ‘Sonderschule. The problems andRead MoreThe International Journal Of Intercultural Relations1530 Words   |  7 Pagesignorance (alone) is the root of most intolerance. The fact that different factors clearly exist, whether one accepts the present structure or one of the others established in research, suggests that strategies aimed at improving racial attitudes should be multifaceted.† (Baldwin, Day and Hecht 572) The complex essence of racism could be the reason that UC is failing. In most UC programs, the main objectives are to spread awareness and increase diversity through support for those who work to promoteRead MoreWHAT A COLLEGE EDUCATION BUYS1005 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿WHAT A COLLEGE EDUCATION BUYS Christopher Caldwell, the author of â€Å"WHAT A COLLEGE EDUCATION BUYS† presents his idea on college education of a 4-year college degree in American. The author’s assertion that college degree is not for everyone; it is something superb and looks like prime but it does not guarantee graduates’ practical productivity and usefulness in the particular professions or fields. Also, he assertion includes that nowadays college education has been increasing becauseRead MoreEducation Is An Essential Element Of Early Life1445 Words   |  6 Pagesparticipate in the average summer break will lose the equivalent of two months of math computation, along with having lower standardized test scores. This creates the need for a four-to-six week teaching period recovering material (â€Å"15 Critical Facts Everyone Should Know About Summer Learning Loss†). This archaic system not only allows for the loss of information during the elongated break, but also create s irregular and cramped learning schedules. With shortened learning blocks to create a work day suitableRead MoreTechnology : Technology And Education1702 Words   |  7 Pageseducational system. Heidi Hayes Jacobs, an author and world renowned education leader stated that, â€Å"Teachers need to integrate technology seamlessly into the curriculum instead of viewing it as an add-on, an afterthought, or an event†. Technology should help enhance the educational system and be responsible for academic enhancement. Technology can help with education, by online classes that allows the student to see the work outside of the classroom, there are online programs that helps with theRead MoreEducation : The United States1654 Words   |  7 Pagesdid not exist were primarily for elementary grades. a few universities and colleges were founded during this period. most older children worked on family farms or businesses. some learned skills through apprenticeships. the role of teachers wa s to teach, be role models, and act as examples of moral behavior. In 1635 the first public school in the American colonies, Boston Latin School, opens. Massachusetts Bay Colony passes the Compulsory Education Law, requiring parents to teach their children to

The Fundamentals of Historical Essay Topics Revealed

The Fundamentals of Historical Essay Topics Revealed Anyway, direct and indirect quotes are essential to support your understanding of academic writing style. A superb collection historical analysis essay topic that'll be suitable to anybody is hard to find, because everyone has their own preferences. You will need to back up your viewpoint with well-researched facts and data too. If you don't have an urge to waste time on choosing the best topic and writing the entire argumentative essay from scratch, don't forget you've a loyal group of professionals by your side. All you will need is the proper topic. By way of example, how to make the absolute most out of your Saturday afternoon isn't a fantastic topic (although all of us know it's sleeping in and watching cartoons). Employing code you are able to make programs that may answer math issues, which would take someone, days to calculate in a succinct second. Furthermore, the points you communicate have to be factual. This way you'll restrict your topics to the one which is most appropriate for you. Talking over your favorite topic with your supervisor should hopefully avoid choosing a poor topic. The Historical Essay Topics Trap The latest history analyses the woman strategies which have been used to permit the women get in the male dominated areas. You should read enough small business ideas from successful businessmen. Most men take jobs that may consist of dangerous pursuits. Men in the majority of work places work for longer hours in comparison with women. What can be done in order to make a more well-rounded curriculum for middle and higher school students. Students are occasionally overwhelmed when asked to create original, critical work. Well, here you'll locate unique items for each college student. Historical Essay Topics: No Longer a Mystery For students, writing such a document is among the several assignments that they should do. Write a list of ideas you've got or a list of things you're interested in. The process isn't easy if you don't have enough details. In addition, you get unlimited revisions. The writing process is going to be a pleasure, and your reader will delight in reading your bit of academic writing. A good example will give a general idea. In any case, it must attract your readers' attention, and thus it ought to be brief and right to the point. Your reader will have the ability to tell too. Or the paper might concentrate on medical discoveries, like the polio vaccine or penicillin. There are a lot of sources that you can acquire historical details on gender. From political instability to the dearth of food, there's a lot we want to go over. Find out more about the very first decade of film production to learn what themes were most common. Take into consideration the subject of the history essay you've already written before. If you wish to compose a very good history essay you'd better pick a topic that's familiar to you. Deciding upon the proper essay topic can at times be rather hard. Deciding on the topic for your essay could possibly be the hardest part. Don't forget, proposal essays serve a purpose outside academia. Because they are a type of argumentative essay, you want to be sure the essay is worthy of an argument. Narrative essays serve wide range of purposes. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. What You Should Do to Find Out About Historical Essay Topics Before You're Left Behind For instance, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing standpoint. Perhaps you still must understand more about the way to compose a history paper. To begin with, the paper is passed through Copyscape application to ensure it's not plagiarized. It is an impossible task to write a very good history paper if you write about something you find boring and don't care about whatsoever. With the aid of such template, you can generate a prosperous paper on any political, religious or another leader. Besides, you're permitted to communicate directly with the writer handling your paper so you can make any clarifications. As a historian you must interrogate your sources and ask the crucial questions. Even if you're a specialist in a particular field, don't be afraid to use and cite external sources.

Review on Valued Resources of an Organization - Free Sample

Question: Give the literature review on valued resources of an organization? Answer: Introduction The most valued resources of an organization are its human resources. Proper utilization of the human resources is the key factor of success of any organization. Although the concept of HR is a new concept, it has gained wide significance over the years and now by far employers agree to the fact that hr functions play a very significant role in the sustainability as well as profitability of an organization and hence are now keen on implementing hr policies in their organizations. The major functions of an HR includes recruitment, selection, training and development, performance appraisal and evaluation, human resource planning, formulating HR strategies, remuneration or compensation or payroll, handling legal issues, responsibility for the proper maintenance of the rules and regulations within the organization and last but not the least, making optimum utilization of the available human resources(Humanresourceexcellence.com, 2015). Apart from all the functions mentioned above one of the most important functions of the human resource department is building and maintaining long-term intra-organizational as well as inter-organizational relationships as industrial relations plays a very important role in the growth and sustainability of a firm and is also helpful in proving overseas exposure to the firm (A. Carrillat, dAstous and Morissette Grgoire, 2014). The management of the day-to-day activities of a firm becomes very difficult in the absence of a human resource department. The HR department is also responsible for proper engagement of the employees towards the achievement of the objectives of the organization. Employee engagement activities such as simulation, sensitivity or T- training, role-plays, In-basket exercises, etc. are all the part of training and development of the employees, and, as a result, of the entire organization as a whole, which is an important HR function. Solving disputes and resolution of conflicts is also one of the major functions of t he HR department, the human resource manager acts as a mediator between the conflicting parties. The HR department is also known as the core integral part of the organization or the central part of the organization as it is responsible for the workings and the administration of the entire organization. It is the duty of the HR to maintain the overall health of the organization, make desired improvements wherever needed and also to make strategies to meet the requirements of the future and ensure that it is implemented at the right place and at the right time (Abd Rahman et al., 2013). The performance of the entire organization depends upon the performance of the human resource department, as it is responsible for the functioning of the entire organization, and in case there are any issues or problems related to the employment conditions, or of the employees on an individual level, it the foremost duty of the human resource professional to solve those problems and provide answers to their queries. HR functions also help in maintain proper industrial relations which plays a very important role in the overall growth of the company. HR functions is all about taking care of the human resources of the company which are its capital assets and which play a very important role in the overall development of a company. HR functions have now been successful in letting its importance felt in the world of business as many companies have recorded significant growth after the implementation of the HR policies and procedures (Batterham, 2014). Literature Review According to Bratton J and Gold J, human resource management is nothing but a strategic approach towards the management of the relationship between an employer and an employee, which lay emphasis on the fact that leveraging the capabilities of employees is very important and very critical to gain sustainable competitive advantage over the others in business, which is followed by implementing certain programs and policies. The actual importance lies in the fact that how much the organization is capable of utilizing its human resources as the capital. Iftikar M says that an HR is an able partner of the business, whose job is to run the business and make it a successful alliance by generating profit. The definitions, views and prospects of human resource management have changed over the years. Earlier, as early as the 1980s, it was considered that human resource deals with personnel factors only and only monetary factors are important to engage people at work and get the best out of the m, it is now considered that the factors other than the monetary factors that is the social factors such as trust, growth, loyalty, rewards, etc. are essential for retaining employees and optimizing their efforts towards achieving organizational goals (Baum and Kabst, 2014). Apart from the employee engagement activities, which come to play in the later stage, the initial stages of recruitment and selection plays a very important for searching and appointing the most appropriate candidates for the available vacancies, as the appointment of the right candidates for the right positions is very important for the ultimate success of the organization (Constance, 2012). The IT sector of a developing country has observed a huge amount of growth over the recent few years, and this is the result of appointment of right professionals for the right posts, and the ability of the companies to retain their loyal and efficient employees, which is a result of the proper implementation of the HR poli cies in the related companies. Proper recruitment and selection process can do wonders for a company, by proving the right kind of people in the right place and at the right time (Fawad Latif, 2012). The role of human resource management is mostly considered to be inclined towards the humanitarian factors; its all about managing the human resources, optimizing their level of performance, providing them job satisfaction so that they can achieve the objectives of the company both effectively and efficiently, without compromising with their own desires, needs and wants. It also helps the employees to achieve their individual career goals and also the goals of the company, by aligning their individual goals with the goals of the company(Trinet.com, 2015). Human resource planning is an important of the human resource management; it is mostly done for the proper analysis of the job, for demand forecasting, supply forecasting, and was also used for determining the strengths and weakness of the employees or the human resources of a company and also to develop their competencies and skills for achieving the objectives of the organization (Fominih, 2013). A well trained and a well equipped labor force is required to compete with the global competitive market environment. The increase in the number of competitive rival forces has led to the decrease in the economic success of the organizations. The sudden changes in the technologies, the change in the demography of the workforce, the cultures and the change in climate, widespread use of science and technology requires the HR manager to develop strategies accordingly to maximize the utilization of the workforce. It is the duty of a HR manager to enhance the knowledge, skills and abilities of the employees as they are the corporate assets of an organization (Gilley, Gilley and McMillan, 2009). According to a survey conducted in the manufacturing sector, there are strong evidences which proves that the programs related to the training and development, compensation and other related benefits such as the fringe benefits, medical benefits, retirement benefits, etc., and, proper practices of recruitment and selection have a positive influence on the performance of the employees and hence, on the performance of the organization as a whole. Hence, one can conclude that human resource practices are linked to the higher productivity and the financial performance of the company. Although the HR policies and procedures vary from one organization to the other, the basic features of the HR functions remains the same (Ganesh and Indradevi, 2015). One of the most vital functions of the HR department is that of motivation, that is motivating the workforce, in order to motivate an individual to pursue a certain course of action which is directed towards achieving certain specific goals, which relates to certain specific outcomes, and an individual chooses to achieve those outcomes with a great sense of vitality and perseverance (Hassi, 2011). One can relate this to the needs, drives and incentives (needs-drives-incentives) theory of work motivation, where drives are generated to satisfy the needs, while incentives are required to gratify the drives. The content theories of work motivation as well as the process theories of work motivation, laid down by the researchers and scholars in the field of HR, suggests ways as to what motivates people as well as how to motivate people. Only highly motivated employees are satisfied with their jobs, take pride in whatever they do, and hence remain loyal towards the organization and work har der to achieve organizational goals. HR audit is an evaluation of the HR functions over a period of time, it is the measure of the effectiveness of the HR functions, that is whether or not its implementation is useful for the organization or not (Kramar, 2013). HR functions also includes the on boarding of the new employees, is responsible for making them comfortable in the new environment, also monitors the time and attention of the entire lot of employees of an organization, they are also responsible for reviewing the termination of employees and also guiding them accordingly, and is also responsible for the tax as well as benefits administration of the employees, along with the management of their performances as well as legal compliance as well(Werner, 2014). One of the HR functions which is the performance appraisal, which is the part of the non-training activities of the process of human resource development, which can be defined as the objective assessment of the performance of an individual against well-defined benchmarks, helps to judge the performance of the individual employee of the company and also helps to reward or to punish the employee accordingly, it also helps in determining the progress of the company within a certain period of tim(Kromrei, 2015)e . The objectives of the performance appraisal system of a company can be summed up as it helps to take decisions regarding the promotions of the employees, it also helps to confirm the services for the employees that is if an employee working on a temporary basis is found to be capable and loyal enough, he can be appointed on a permanent basis, it also helps in the evaluation and in the assessment of the training and the development needs of the employees, is also helps in deciding on the system of pay packages and also helps to the communication system within the organization. HR functions are responsible for maintaining the health of the organizations so that they can withstand the competitive forces as well as the ever changing environment of business (Lyddon, 2013). Moreover change is evident and unavoidable, especially in the business world, and it is in the human psychology to avoid change. It the duty of the human resource manager to avoid the resistance of change by implementing any means possible and the ethical means include negotiation, effective communication, effective leadership, etc. whereas unethical means includes cooptation, coercion, manipulation, etc. Managing change within the internal environment of the company is a huge challenge for the human resource manager (Mahajan, Shukla and Soni, 2015). The functions of the human resource management need to be proactive, commercial, strategic and professional. The HR professionals needs to support the transformation of the organization, work on the structure and design of the organization, planning the learning, training and development programs for the employees, is also answerable to the customers and clients, to analyze and administer the overall functioning of the organization and p rovide suggestions for improvement if required, to keep the organization prepared for facing future challenges. HR functions are carried forward mostly by the line managers, but in order to successfully implement the policies and procedure of HR full cooperation and support is needed from the employees side also because it is them on whom the policies and procedures will be implemented upon (Manoharan, Muralidharan and Deshmukh, 2010). HR practices have a direct impact on the performance of the employees. In a research survey it has been found that HR practices are directly linked to business strategies, and organizational performance as a whole. It was also found in a survey among the employees of the corporate sector that HR practices had a strong impact on the return of assets, growth in the values of the stock as well as in the values of the sales as well, and also on the performance variables of the employees (Mohd.Yusoff, Abdullah and Ramayah, 2009). Training and development of the workforce provides competitive advantage to a firm as it helps to remove the performance deficiencies, helps to retain the employee for a longer period of time, it also helps to minimize the rate of accidents, scraps and damages, and also helps to meet the future need of the employees. Of the job training activities such as simulation in which the actual work environment is duplicated so as to give a realistic feeling to the employee and sensitivity or T training, in which a group of trainees perform role-plays, in-basket exercises, and business games, etc. so that the employees gain knowledge about not only their own behavior but also the behavior of others, all these activities helps to build intra-group as well as inter-group cohesiveness, as it is said that groups and individuals are the basic units of an organization(Mpungose, 2013). Although proper planning for the training programs is required as to when and where it needs to be carried out, who will be the trainers and the trainees, and what kind of training is required, etc. The purpose and importance of another HR function that is recruitment can be stated as follows-it helps to rightly determine the present and future requirements of the personnel in the organization, it also helps to increase the pool of job candidates at a minimum cost, it helps to increase the success rate of the process of selection and hence ensures that that the candidates once recruited will be selected, it also helps to meet the legal requirements of the hiring process, and also helps an organization to met its social obligation in the process of hiring candidates, and finally it helps to increase the overall effectiveness of the organization(Mphahlele, 2013). HR functions are very important for the overall development of an employee, as it helps in conducting an assessment on the entire operations of the organization system in order to examine whether all the employees are receiving the services entitled for them and also ensures that they deliver best of their efforts towards achieving organizational goals. Apart from the benefits provided to the employees, the organization also needs the strategic and the transactional services of the HR, for the overall development of the company that is for monetary gains as well as for non-monetary gains. HR services have made their importance felt over the years and now the employers are on hiring HR professionals for the generation of both profits as well as savings (Mr Gaurav Kochhar, 2012). HR functions are all about approaching the people or the candidates, on boarding them, training and developing them and hence preparing them for achieving their objectives as well as the objectives of the orga nization, motivating them and inspiring them and last but not the least retaining them, as it has been seen that the employees who serve the company for a longer period of time are loyal towards their company and also work hard for achieving the goals of the company, companies do benefit from the timely suggestions provided by them as well (Pekruhl, 2013) . HRM practices also help a company to establish its business in the overseas market, as it helps in understanding the cultures, attitudes and behavior of diverse group of people around the world. The transformation of the practices of personnel administration due to the implementation of the HR practices in China is worth to notice, no wonder China is doing great on the business front and has been able to sustain a steady economic growth due to the growth in the business sector (Ugoda, 2012). Chinese labor market was tough challenge to handle mostly for the MNCs to set up their business in China, and it was quite a difficult task to attract and recruit as well as retain the right kind of labor force, with the proper implementation of the HR practices this target was achieved. Proper training provided to the local people helped in achieving the objective effectively and efficiently. With the help of or rather more specifically with the adoption of HRM practices in China, it was able to attract to attract significant amount of foreign investors, and, as a result, China is now considered to be one of the biggest markets in the world and no company can be successful globally, without having an established market in the country China (Pilvinyte, 2013). Even the MNCs of Ireland have benefited from the use and implementation of the HR practices, as it has helped to establish their business both in the foreign market as well as in the local market of Ireland (Thakore, 2013). While a study on the companies of the UK states that, in the UK, the companies tend to follow three types of HR functions, and they are as follows the HR function which is autonomous in nature, in which the national level of management is done by their own senior management that is the senior management of the host country, they are not concerned with the issues or the markets outside the boundaries of the country, another type of the HR function includes a tight or controlled HR function, in which the national level HR is controlled tightly or rather strictly monitored by the higher levels of management outside the host country that is at the regional level or at the corporate level, etc., and the last type of the HR function includes the limited autonomy type o f the HR function, where the host country has the right to implement certain policies on the international basis and also has certain influences in crafting the international HR policies (Rakowska, Valdes-Conca and de Juana-Espinosa, 2015). The human resource information system also helps in spreading the business globally. In fact the Americans were the highest users of the human resource information system which is nearly 70% of the total usage in the world, as indicated by a survey, in which the service sectors were the highest users of the human resource information system (Rao, 2015). Some of the HR practices have a huge impact on the employee satisfaction, which includes proper selection, training and development according to the needs of the employee as well as according to the need of the organization as well (Stiehl et al., 2015). The placement of the right kind of people at the right place and at the right time not only motivates the employee but also encourages him to take pride in whatever work the individual is doing, which not only provides him satisfaction, but also helps him to reduce and manage stress at the work place both effectively as well as efficiently (Rogers, 2012). The motivated worker is also profitable for the company as he is more productive and loyal to the company, and a token of reward from the company enhances his level of motivation, this also helps the company to retain its loyal employees. The HR of a company also provides advice to draft the career path to the employees which also helps to achieve the personal career goals of an ind ividual and as a result also helps in the career of an employee. An example from the corporate world is as follows The company COSTCO which is a US based company have been successful in not only sustaining in the market for a longer period and become a well-established company but has been recording a steady growth in terms of profits as well (Sheehan and Cooper, 2011). This has been possible because the company has been able to implement the HR functions both effectively as well as efficiently. The company takes care of its employees, respects them, has given them the right to participate in the decision making process of the company, the employees as a result are happy and satisfied with their jobs, and, as a result, are more productive and loyal towards the company. The leadership styles followed by the company which includes transformational leadership style, democratic or participative leadership style, affiliative leadership style have proved to be a blessing for the company (Ryu and Kim, 2013) . Conclusion HR functions have a great impact on the overall effectiveness of the organization, as it not only helps the organization to sustain for a longer period of time in the business world but also helps to gain profits. It has been seen that the organizations which have implemented and followed the HR policies and procedures have observed an immediate growth in their businesses, as they have been able to recruit the right kind of workforce at the right time and at the right place, they have been able to motivate as well as provide job satisfaction to their employees, the employees are to maintain a healthy relationship with the company as a result of the employee engagement activities, and hence, the employees turn out to be more productive and loyal towards the company. HR functions not only helps to empower the employees but also helps to increase their level of performance and make the maximum utilization of the workforce as much as possible. Many companies specially the ones which are small and have lesser number of employees either do not feel the need to hire HR professionals or are keen on also help them to understand other people and mix with them and also help them to gain their outsourcing the HR services for their companies, but it is always better for a company to have its own HR department to make the maximum use of the HR policies and procedures as well as HR functions. HR functions are responsible for optimizing the performance of an individual by providing him the required training, developing their skills, knowledge and abilities, giving them proper advice on how they should proceed in their career path in order to record a growth in their career, helps to minimize the conflicting situations, helps to build inter-group as well as intra-group relationships, and also helps them to avoid the resistance to chance as change is evident and unavoidable and also them to take pride in whatever work they are doing. Employee engagement activities and the rotati on of jobs within the company relieve the employees from the boredom of their jobs, and knowledge. An HR function not only helps to build relationships within the organization but also outside the organization, that is it helps in building inter-organizational as well as inter-organizational relationships. It is also helpful in maintaining proper and healthy industrial relations which helps in spreading of the business globally. The HR functions of recruitment, training and development and performance appraisal helps in the engagement of the employees with the organization. It also helps to assess and evaluate the training and development process of the individual, helps to appraise the performance of the individual and help the employees to increase their overall potential, and also takes care of the entire administration of the organization as a whole, and, as a result, helps the organization to sustain as well as succeed in the world of business. The HR functions relate to the hu man resources of an organization and aims at maximizing their potential for achieving the objectives of the organization. The importance of the HR functions, HR policies and procedures have been realized by the employers over the years, and HR functions has been gaining significant importance since then, unlike the earlier times when it had no importance. References Carrillat, F., dAstous, A. and Morissette Grgoire, E. (2014). Leveraging social media to enhance recruitment effectiveness. Internet Research, 24(4), pp.474-495. Abd Rahman, A., Imm Ng, S., Sambasivan, M. and Wong, F. (2013). Training and organizational effectiveness: moderating role of knowledge management process. Euro J of Training and Dev, 37(5), pp.472-488. Batterham, P. (2014). Recruitment of mental health survey participants using Internet advertising: content, characteristics and cost effectiveness. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 23(2), pp.184-191. Baum, M. and Kabst, R. (2014). The Effectiveness of Recruitment Advertisements and Recruitment Websites: Indirect and Interactive Effects on Applicant Attraction. Human Resource Management, 53(3), pp.353-378. Constance, S. (2012). From creator to conduit the role of learning functions in managing knowledge and networks. Strategic HR Review, 11(6). Fawad Latif, K. (2012). An integrated model of training effectiveness and satisfaction with employee development interventions. Industrial and Commercial Training, 44(4), pp.211-222. Fominih, K. (2013). SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS OF HUMANRESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES. Management of the personnel and intellectual resources in Russia, 2(5). Ganesh, M. and Indradevi, R. (2015). Importance and Effectiveness of Training and Development. MJSS. Gilley, A., Gilley, J. and McMillan, H. (2009). Organizational change: Motivation, communication, and leadership effectiveness. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 21(4), pp.75-94. Hassi, A. (2011). International briefing 23: training and development in Morocco. International Journal of Training and Development, 15(2), pp.169-178. Humanresourceexcellence.com, (2015). Importance of Human Resource Management | Human Resource Excellence. [online] Available at: https://www.humanresourceexcellence.com/importance-of-human-resource-management/ [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Kramar, R. (2013). Beyond strategic human resource management: is sustainable human resource management the next approach?. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(8), pp.1069-1089. Kromrei, H. (2015). Enhancing the Annual Performance Appraisal Process: Reducing Biases and Engaging Employees Through Self-Assessment. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 28(2), pp.53-64. Lyddon, D. (2013). Historical Studies in Industrial Relations 2013: v. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. Mahajan, K., Shukla, S. and Soni, N. (2015). A Review of Computerized Payroll System. IJARCCE, pp.67-70. Manoharan, T., Muralidharan, C. and Deshmukh, S. (2010). Analyzing the interaction of performance appraisal factors using interpretive structural modeling. Performance Improvement, 49(6), pp.25-35. Mohd.Yusoff, Y., Abdullah, H. and Ramayah, T. (2009). HR Roles Effectiveness and HR Contributions Effectiveness: Comparing Evidence from HR and Line Managers. IJBM, 4(2). Mphahlele, M. (2013). Human resource development at Tumela Mine. Mpungose, S. (2013). Strategic leadership and the implementation of human resource development strategy at the Gauteng Department of Roads and Transport. Mr Gaurav Kochhar, M. (2012). Effectiveness of Performance Appraisal System in Large and Medium Size Manufacturing Organisations. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 6(4), pp.63-83. Pekruhl, U. (2013). Human Resource Management ; 2013. Zurich: WEKA. Pilvinyte, M. (2013). Perceptions of organisational justice, restorative organisational justice and their relatedness to perceptions of organisational attractiveness. Rakowska, A., Valdes-Conca, J. and de Juana-Espinosa, S. (2015). Affecting Factors of Public Employees Ganizational Commitment. International Journal of Synergy and Research, 3, p.5. Rao, P. (2015). HRM trends in India a professional perspective. Strategic HR Review, 14(1/2). Rogers, R. (2012). Leadership communication styles: a descriptive analysis of health care professionals. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, p.47. Ryu, S. and Kim, S. (2013). First-Line Managers' HR Involvement and HR Effectiveness: The Case of South Korea. Human Resource Management, 52(6), pp.947-966. Sheehan, C. and Cooper, B. (2011). HRM outsourcing: the impact of organisational size and HRM strategic involvement. Personnel Review, 40(6), pp.742-760. Stiehl, S., Felfe, J., Elprana, G. and Gatzka, M. (2015). The role of motivation to lead for leadership training effectiveness. International Journal of Training and Development, 19(2), pp.81-97. Thakore, D. (2013). Training - A Strategic HRM Function. ILSHS, 11, pp.84-90. Trinet.com, (2015). Why is Human Resources Important? | Importance of an HR Department | TriNet. [online] Available at: https://www.trinet.com/resources/industry_articles/doweneedanhrdepartment.htm [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Ugoda, M. (2012). Human resource development as a tool for local government development. Werner, J. (2014). Human Resource Development Human Resource Management: So What Is It?. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 25(2), pp.127-139.